The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay Paper Self consciousness, harmonizing to Wong ( 2003 ) , means acknowledgment of our personality, strengths and failings and likes and disfavors. As a societal worker, ego consciousness is an indispensable component to fix oneself to meet the clients personal affair, their attitudes, ideas, etc. The essay is traveling to discourse the importance and significance of ego consciousness. Then speak about what I have learnt about myself, in footings of my personalities, attitudes, strengths, restrictions and how my past experiences affect me. Finally correlate how self consciousness can assist my professional development as a societal worker. Harmonizing to Rothman ( 1999 ) , everyone has its ain attitudes or point of views towards something. Our ideas and values are shaped during the clip of babyhood, childhood, adolescence and maturity. These thought may be based on our ain experiences, instruction received or society influences. It is clear that our past experiences, societal norms, values from the others, features, biass or stereotypes form We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance And Significance Of Self Awareness Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Knowing how my past experiences influence my ain values helps me to be more cognizant of my ain ego. Having an uncle who committed self-destruction that made my household, particularly my grandma, sad and suffering, I personally hate people who have the purpose to stop up their lives. However, this hate may do me unable to do the most appropriate determination when a client who has the will to perpetrate suicide seeks aid from me. Furthermore, as suggested by Biestek ( 1961 ) , the relationship between the societal worker and the client has been called the psyche of casework. It may be difficult for me to develop appropriate relationship with the client. It is possible that I will hold uncontrolled emotional engagement and judgmental attitudes towards the client. Without self consciousness and cognizing what experiences form my ideas, I will see trouble in supplying sensitive and adept services to the clients. I may besides unwittingly reject the client and avoid speaking excessively much about decease unconsciously. However, by cognizing what experiences are impacting my values and ideas, Rothman ( 1999 ) suggested that it assists the worker to work with clients, and to command and minimise the influences of personal attitudes and beliefs that may be harmful and damaging toward clients. Biass, prejudices and stereotypes may be great barriers on my professional development. It is common that when come to minorities such as cocottes, homophiles or the street slumberers, people may see their behaviours as unethical. It may due to their personal values, cultural, spiritual and other beliefs which people take for granted to follow when confronting these issues. I besides have biass and stereotypes on them and they may be expressed in conversations, acts or behaviors since they are hidden in the subconscious as suggested by Rothman ( 1999 ) . I may unwittingly hold words that harm them and do them defensive or non swear in me. Therefore doing it difficult to develop good relationship with the client and difficult to hold intercession procedures. For illustration, I have been exposed to a strong heterosexual prejudice and may integrate some homophobic reactions such as uncomfortableness or hatred of homosexual people. Without self-awareness and cognition, I may non be able to supply adept services to gay or sapphic clients. If a worker has spiritual belief, he or she may even hold a strong belief that homosexualism is a wickedness. Harmonizing to Sheafor and Morales ( 2007 ) , one of the competencies required for societal work pattern is the capacity to prosecute in ethnic- , gender- and age-sensitive pattern. In order to accomplish this, it is indispensable for a worker to happen ways and methods to divide their personal belief system from their professional values, moralss and functions. Knowing my strengths and failings besides helps me with my professional development. I am glad and patient to listen to others. At the same clip, I am besides empathic to others experiences and troubles. It makes the clients experience being respected and therefore it is easier to develop a proper client-worker relationship. It is of extreme importance that the client trust you Reflecting on our ain experiences and developmental phases helps when working with clients. For illustration, I was diffident and non willing to show my attention towards others in my childhood. And I would hold no chance to demo my love to my grandma who died old ages ago. The losingss in my life do me re-think the manner I used to be and endeavor for a alteration, that is, be more outgoing and caring to others. I can therefore pull on my personal experience when working with immature people and steer them in the changing procedure. However, it besides makes me see my restrictions, that is, when working with aged clients. I can associate my experience that is similar to a adolescent s, nevertheless, it is impossible for me to hold certain troubles faced by aged clients such as the aging procedure. As suggested by Berman-Rossi ( 2001 ) , a societal worker therefore must develop aging relevant cognition, self awareness, sensitiveness and accomplishment. Knowledge about aging demograph ics, age-related alterations and developmental undertakings is indispensable. Although there are restrictions to my service provided, there are ways to minimise the insufficiency. Increased openness to other ways of thought My household is a blissful one, sometimes holding some struggles but still harmonious on the whole. I one time thought that it is normal to hold the sort of household like mine, and at least most of the households are likewise. However, it is incorrect as there are diversenesss in household construction. Some households are single-parented, while some may hold immense communicating jobs among household members or holding household members that are drug nuts that greatly affects the household. Sharing ain feelings and ideas among a group of equals helps to do up one s ain point of view towards the population. By listening and sharing, one can cognize more about the equals attitudes on the issue, to analyze their ain attitudes and to interchange sentiments in an overview. One can besides hold a broader position on an issue and Social workers must face their ain biass and stereotypes about minorities. Making myself known about losingss in my ain life helps me to understand what past experiences or feelings are impacting my ain values and ideas today.

Different types of healthcare options in America Essays

Different types of healthcare options in America Essays Different types of healthcare options in America Paper Different types of healthcare options in America Paper Medicare and Medicaid programs were enacted in America’s constitution around 44years ago with an aim of setting aside a fund that would provide medical care for all American citizens. However, even with the presence of government programs, the public healthcare system is in a terrible state. (Anne O. James A. 564). In 2004 for instance, 45 millions of Americans were uninsured and â€Å"turned to hospital emergency rooms for even routine care† numbers of uninsured, it is projected that Medicare program will run out of funds if no suitable remedial action is taken. The reason why a lot of Americans are not insured is because they can nit afford the exorbitant medical care is attributed to the highly fragmented medical care system every medical care provider attempt â€Å"to get the biggest cut of health care dollar they can.† The industry reports that it is forced to charge high medical bills because they need to finance research and development. . (Anne O. James A. 564) As a result of the unaffordable charges, the number of people who have put off medical care is increasing leading to serious health conditions. There are different types of insurance for health care option and are categorized into:    Employed based health insurance coverage Under this we have: Small employer group This insurance option applies to employers who have 2-50 employees. The federal health insurance portability and accountability Act of1996 requires that health insurance contracts for small health groups be on guarantee issue basis and also guarantee renewable unless the employer has failed to pay premiums, committed fraud, intentionally misrepresented or has failed to comply with the terms of the health insurance contract. (Harry A. S 222)   This particular scheme is advantageous especially to smaller companies. Some small health group insurance programs provide additional benefits like free dental care. There is a large network of medical care providers who participate in these programs. There is benefit of economies of scale, making the charges per person lower than individual programs. The contributions of employers and in some cases the workers are not taxed. (Harry A. S 240) However, this scheme is not flexible whereby some organizations allows medical care from specified physicians. The employees in such cases are denied the opportunity of getting medical care from their favorite physicians or the physician of their choice. (Harry A. S 254) Large employer group This program is applicable for employers who have from 51 or more employees. The average charges are lower than both small groups and individual health insurance opting due to economics of scale. The contributions of both employers and employees in most cases are not taxable. Many employers allow their employees to temporary continue their health insurance under specified conditions for a specified period of time. (Ben Irvine) Individuals who have other insurance coverage or have not exhausted COBRA coverage are not provided with this benefit. This option also precludes individuals who did not previously belong to any health insurance coverage as well as those who have not stayed for 18 months prior to the previous creditable coverage. (Applicable to Washington State) Individual health insurance coverage This is the common plan that is in most cases entered by the self-employed and unemployed people. The person intending to secure this kind of plan is medically examined and his/her financial status evaluated by the insurance provider to determine whether the person is financially capable of sustaining the premium payments. (Ben Irvine)   This particular program has several advantages one of which is that a person can choose the benefits that she/he would like provided in the insurance package. If a person under an individual health insurance is unable to pay the monthly dues other insurance organizations that a person has entered can share the medical expenses incase the person becomes ill. (Ben Irvine) On the other hand it is a little bit more expensive than the group insurance schemes and for a person to be eligible to this plan; he/she must have been previously covered. Coverage for medically uninsurable persons

In what ways does cinema verite differ from documentary film and what Essay

In what ways does cinema verite differ from documentary film and what methods do film makers create realism in documentaries - Essay Example Documentary can broadly be described as cinematic expression that reveals ‘fullness and completion, knowledge and truth’ (Nichols, 1994:1). They focus on actual evidence of the events, using real people rather than actors of fictional films who portray other characters. As such, they have minimal editing, reflecting the unvarnished truth. Cinema verite, on the other hand, is a French expression that means ‘truthful cinema’ that records events as they are occurring, often prodding real people to reveal new information in order to showcase new dimension of issue or events (Black, 2002). Hence, it can be defined as documentaries with wide scope of capturing truth. The editing of film makes it more dramatic and, therefore, has greater impact than normal documentary films that are stark in their thematic reality. Documentary films are also accompanied by narratives that highlight events and often inform the public of its relevance by relating it to the history of events. The viewer is, therefore, updated with information about the events and can draw conclusion of truth as he/he sees the documentary. Cinema verite has no narrator and, therefore, the viewer has the freedom to interpret the film as he/she sees. The spontaneity of real characters makes it interesting because they are designed to reveal new aspects of their personality or issues which are often not intended for public. Nanook of the North, made in 1922, is a prime example of cinema verite which documents ethnographic study of Inuits. It has used photographic technics vis-a-vis fade out transition and editing to streamline and emphasize the issue (Renoy, 1993). This is very interesting and pertinent fact of cinema Verite that distinguishes it from normal documentary films. Another very important difference is that textual representation of live events in documentary films are seen as truthful expression of reality. There is little ambiguity because footage of events is not edite d and voiceover is just to inform the audience about the issue which they see in the films. Cinema verite is proactive in its depiction of truth because while it captures the events as they occur, it actively provokes subjects in the event to provide new stance to the event. Mamber (1976) asserts that it is not just mutant offspring of documentary technique but tends to highlight the stance of the film maker. It tries to reveal new aspects of events rather than focusing on only one angle of the truth. Very often, the film maker uses editing techniques to showcase truth which could dramatize the events. Thus, it tends to expose paradoxical facets of the true events and makes them more intriguing and interesting. Facilitated by the technology advancements, the world of cinematic documentary has unfolded unprecedented way of unlocking truth and bringing them directly to the public. In the contemporary times, making documentary films has become very challenging because of the diversity of subjects and myriad formats of media tools can be easily exploited to divulge truth. Cinema verite of France, Direct Cinema of America and observatory films of the UK are all varying formats of documentary films that are based on true events. Popularly known as ‘voice’, the reconstructions and structuring tools used in documentary become the vital factor that shift the focus to spotlight and produce

Customer Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Information Management - Essay Example Companies particularly doing e-business achieve decisive competitive advantages by knowing their customers' wishes in detail, guaranteeing them customized service, and establishing long-term relationships with them. By delivering 24/7 personalized access to customer service via the Internet, a call centre, or face to face, they can get the most from their company's existing customers, and develop an ongoing stream of satisfied customers in the future []. Customer information management covers methods and technologies used by companies to manage their relationships with clients. Information stored on existing customers (and potential customers) is analyzed and used to this end [1]. Automated information management processes are often used to generate automatic personalized marketing based on the customer information stored in the system. In its broadest sense, customer information management covers all interaction and business with customers. A good CIM program allows a business to acquire customers, provide customer services and retain valued customers. CIM applications often track customer interests and requirements, as well as their buying habits. This information can be used to target customers selectively. ... Providing a mechanism for correcting service deficiencies Storing customer interests in order to target customers selectively Providing mechanisms for managing and scheduling maintenance, repair, and on-going support CIM applications often track customer interests and requirements, as well as their buying habits. This information can be used to target customers selectively. Furthermore, the products a customer have purchased can be tracked throughout the product's life cycle, allowing customers to receive information concerning a product or to target customers with information on alternative products once a product begins to be phased out [2]. Repeat purchases rely on customer satisfaction, which in turn comes from a deeper understanding of each customer and their individual needs. Customer Information management is an alternative to the "one size fits all" approach. In industrial markets, the technology can be used to coordinate the conflicting and changing purchase criteria of the sector. The data gathered as part of Customer Information management raises concerns over customer privacy and enables coercive sales techniques (Goodhue, 2002). However, Customer Information management does not necessarily involve gathering new data, but also includes making better use of customer information gathered as a result of routine customer interaction. The privacy debate generally focuses on the customer information stored in the centralised database itself, and fears over a company's handling of this information, especially regarding third parties [3]. Profit from the numerous advantages of an innovative solution for customer relationship management [3]: Reduce your costs by transferring functions in a targeted manner from company to customer, simplifying

Impact of Master Data Management

Impact of Master Data Management The impact of Master Data Management in an organization to improve decision making. Abstract This research deals with assessing the importance of Master Data Management in an organization and the impacts it has when making decisions. I will present the methodological framework which allows a centered master data to flow to different systems. This research will use the qualitative approach and interpretive paradigm. Master Data Management MDM Keywords: Master Data Management, Data Quality, Information Management, Data Governance Background of the study The focus to Master Data Management is to provide relevant information for decision making using the various systems in the organization. Based on the increasing number of expected benefits of systems that they will deliver a single version of key organizational entities. â€Å"MDM represents the set of policies, governance, standards, processes and tools that define and manage the master and reference data of a business organization to provide a single point of reference.â€Å"(Subotic, Jovanovic, Poscic, 2014) Years of using and retaining data in different data stores have led to conflicts in data descriptions, in the way data is structured, and the values of data, which makes it impossible or hard for an organization to understand and properly use its key data(Cleven Wortmann). Data are used in almost all the activities of companies and constitute the basis for decisions on operational and strategic levels. Poor quality data will have significantly negative effects on the competence of an organization, while high quality data are often crucial to a company’s success (Haug, Zachariassen van Liempd). Integrating those business definitions and data records across business lines and across subsidiaries is no simple task, demanding rearranging of data ownership and governance, however also requiring advanced technology for policies and business rules to be enforced(Scheidl 2011). The goal of MDM is to create and maintain consistent and complete business data for all stakeholders in a controlled and single-view capable manner across the whole organization which will help them figure out the improvement areas so they become more efficient and competitive. MDM is meant to provide organizations with the ability to integrate, analyze and exploit the value of their data assets, regardless of where that information was collected (Milanov Njengus 2012). Research Problem Organizations deal with different data which may be scatted across the whole organization where systems do not communicate with each other causing the organization to make decisions based on data that is not accurate. Research Objectives Master Data Management seeks to consolidate data that resides in various systems that do not communicate with each other, in such a way that accurate and up to date organizational data is available in a single place (Reichet, Otto, Ostele, 2013). This research will discuss on how Master Data Management can manage the organizations data and outline the benefits of using MDM which will permit the organization to understand their key data. Consequently, the lack of a suitable master data management may lead to severe problems like operational faults, inadequate decision making. The bigger the company, the bigger the issue of managing the data will be. If companies grow the data landscape gets more complicated and managing data becomes an issue that is hard to deal with (K Pietzka). Companies need to make decisions based on the data that they understand and has qualities of data quality dimensions – Timely, Consistent, Completeness, Integrity, Accuracy, Conformity. To be successful in business, you need to make decisions fast and based on the right information. (Thatipamula 2013) Preliminary Literature Review Master data form the basis for business processes. Master data represent a company’s essential basic data which remain unchanged over a specific period of time. Which include customer, material, employee and supplier data. Inconsistent master data cause process errors resulting in higher costs. With proper governance, the master data can be regarded as a unified set of data that all applications can rely on for consistent, high quality information (Hamilton G). Theoretical Framework This framework will allow master data to flow from the Master Data System to the applications, making sure that all applications use the same data. It ensures that the data used is always created the same way and is unique. Which will then allow all linked applications to use the centralized master data. By: C LOSER, Dr. C LEGNER, D GIZANIS showing Central Master Data System Research Questions Asking the right questions will enable the organization to better the way they make decision and the processes involved in their every day to day transactions (Cleven Wortmann). This research will use a qualitative research to answer the following research questions: How to maintain high data quality?   The impacts in business for not having high quality data What causes data redundancy in the organization Maintaining high data quality Achieving better insight into the performance of processes involved in the everyday running of the business, the customers they have and product profitability and market share is one of the goals. These reporting understandings are the base for key decision making, however, the quality of the reporting is directly impacted by the quality of the data. Data that is not of high quality leads to under-informed decisions. Also, the return on costly investments in business intelligence is partly diminished if the source data is corrupt (C Loser, Dr. C Legner and D Gizanis 2004) A major factor of any company’s day-to-day business is the data that is used in business processes and is available to the operational staff. If it happens that this data is not available, out of date or incorrect, the business may suffer delays or financial losses. â€Å"The implications of poor quality data carry negative effects to business users through: less customer satisfaction, increased running costs, inefficient decision-making processes, lower performance and lowered employee job satisfactionâ€Å"(Haug A, Zachariassen F, van Liempd D, 2011) Data in an organization needs to be controlled and managed. Without having specific rules in place or enforcing data governance, this will cause data to be redundant in different places/systems across the organization. Data governance specifies the framework for decision rights and accountabilities to encourage desirable behavior in the use of data (Otto B, 2009) When wrong data is identified in the system, some analysis would have to be performed to find out why it happened and how it can be prevented from happening again. The process of correcting the issues will take time and organizational resources. Benefits of Master Data Management The key benefit of Master Data Management is to integrate similar data management processes, consolidate the critical information that is scattered across the organization, improve the integrity of data which makes sure that the data available is complete and accurate and business will be able to make more effective business decisions from the data with integrity. (Al-Zhrani, 2010) Challenges of Master Data Management Master Data Management challenges consists of managing the data as there is continuously increasing amount of data which will come with unclear processes of how to collect and maintain that data. Because master data is often used by multiple applications and processes, an error in master data can have a huge effect on the business processes. (Gustafsson, Franke, Johnson, Lillieskà ¶ld) Hypothesis Having implemented MDM effectively, the following can be made from the evidence gathered. Hypothesis 1 (H1): Understanding the company’s customers will lead to increase in market share Hypothesis 2 (H1): Data inconsistencies are caused by the distribution of data ownership across different business and function areas and across IT systems. Hypothesis 3 (H0): Companies that explicitly create a master data stewardship program are significantly more successful in terms of data governance Research Methodology Research design For this research I will be using interpretive research design, as its main idea is to assist in understanding, recognizing and restructuring the subject meanings that already exist in the social world so we can use that understanding as steps into theorizing (Goldkuhl, 2012) Research approach and strategy Qualitative approach will be used for this research as it is suitable for discovering and gaining insight about a problem (Scheidl H, 2011) Data collection The data collection technique used for this research was one-on-one interview using a semi structured questionnaire. This technique is appropriate to this research as it allows elicitation of information that is not yet uncovered. Time kept for each interview is 45 min for each respondent. (Scheidl H, 2011) Sampling and population For this research I will use everyday decision makers so to get an understanding of how data influence the decisions that they make. Data analysis After having the interviews, I will then summaries the whole interview by making notes of the key points that were given by the respondents. This will assist in making sure that I familiarizes myself with my research. Knowledge gap In recent studies there have been increased focus on the importance of Master Data Management. This research contributes to the improvement of the scientific body of knowledge since it explores a part where only little previous study are available. Conclusion Poor data quality means there will be difficulties where decision makers have to build trust in the company data. Therefore, addressing and integrating MDM at the start should be part of an operational excellence initiative, in order to solve part of the process inefficiencies. References Milanov G Njengus A, (2012) Using scrum in master data management development projects. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, VOL. 3, NO.11 Nov, 2012 Available from http://www.cisjournal.org [Accessed: 15 April 2015] Cleven A, Wortmann F (2010) Uncovering four strategies to approach master data management, Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2010 Available at www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2010/3869/00/09-01-05.pdf [Accessed: 16 May 2015] Subotic D, Jovanovic V and Poscic P (2014), Data warehouse and master data management evolution –a meta-data-vault approach, Issues in Information Systems, Volume 15, Issue II, pp. 14-23, 2014 Cervo D, Allen M (2011) Master data management in practice: Achieving true customer MDM, John Wiley Sons Inc., New Jersey, ISBN 978-0-470-91055-9 Al-Zhrani S, (2010) Management Information Systems Role in Decision-Making during Crises: Case Study, Journal of Computer Science 6 (11): 1247-1251, 2010 [Accessed: 11 March 2015] Rahm E, Hai Do H Data Cleaning: Problems and Current Approaches, University of Leipzig, Germany Available at http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de [Accessed: 16 May 2015] Gustafsson P, Franke U, Johnson P, Lillieskà ¶ld J, Identifying IT impacts on organizational structure and business value, Proceedings of BUSITAL’08, Available at people.dsv.su.se/~pajo/busital2008/paper4.pdf [Accessed: 23 May 2015] Duff A 2015 Master data management roles – their part in data quality implementation. 10th International Conference on Information Quality, 2005 [Accessed: 25 March 2015] Reichert A, Otto B and Ãâ€"sterle H, 2013 A Reference Process Model for Master Data Management. 11th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik [Accessed: 2 April 2015] Jonker R, Kooistra F, Cepariu D, van Etten J and Swartjes S, Effective master data management Available at www.compact.nl/pdf/C-2011-0-Jonker.pdf [Accessed: 28 May 2015] Scheidl H (2011), Master data management maturity and technology assessment, Master’s Thesis, Turku school of Economics Kawulich B. (2005) Participant observation as a data collection method Volume 6, No. 2, Art. 43 – May 2005 Otto B, Schmidt A, ENTERPRISE MASTER DATA ARCHITECTURE: DESIGN DECISIONS AND OPTIONS Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Boris_Otto/publication/50222231_Enterprise_Master_Data_Architecture_Design_Decisions_and_Options/links/0a85e53205fc23566a000000.pdf [Accessed: 25 March 2015] Weber K, Otto B and  ¨Osterle H 2009 One size does not fit all—a contingency approach to data governance. ACM J. Data Inform. Quality 1, 1, Article 4 (June 2009), Haug A, Zachariassen F and van Liempd D 2011, the costs of poor data quality, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management. Available from doi:10.3926/jiem.2011.v4n2.p168-193 [Accessed: 18 May 2015] Kamel A, Lakhder D and Ammar Z 2012, The organizational impacts of information systems: Analysis and proposal of a methodological framework, British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2046-9578, Vol.9 No.II (2012), Available from http://www.bjournal.co.uk/BJASS.aspx [Accessed: 18 May 2015] Liang T, You J 2009, and Resource-based View in Information Systems Research: A Meta-Analysis, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems Available from http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2009/72 [Accessed: 18 May 2015] Nowduri S, Management information systems and business decision making: review, analysis, and recommendations, Journal of Management and Marketing Research Available at www.aabri.com/manuscripts/10736.pdf [Accessed: 16 May 2015] Mishra M, Das T 2011, A Study on challenges and opportunities in master data management. International Journal of Database Management Systems ( IJDMS ), Vol.3, No.2, May 2011 C Loser, Dr. C Legner, D Gizanis 2004 Master Data Management for Collaborative Service Processes Available http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.454.7987rep=rep1type=pdf [Accessed: 03 June 2015] Goldkuhl G 2012, Pragmatism vs interpretivism in qualitative information systems research, European Journal of Information Systems, (21), 2, 135-146.Available at http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:515141/FULLTEXT01.pdf [Accessed: 04 June 2015]

Oedipus the King- Metaphors Essay

â€Å" «Light versus Darkness Knowledge is characterized as a burst of light which contrasts the darkness of ignorance. At the beginning of the play, and towards the fourth episode, we notice the â€Å"darkness†, the lack of knowledge that Oedipus has toward mostly everything that is surrounding him. When Oedipus learns the truth, it â€Å"bursts† into light. The metaphor of light represents truth and knowledge. â€Å" «Sight versus Blindness A reference to this metaphor occurs early in the play, when Oedipus falsely accuses Tiresias and Creon of conspiracy. â€Å"So this is what he wants, Creon the loyal, Creon so long my friend! Stealing up to overthrow and snatch!† (page 22). â€Å"XTiresias responds by using the same metaphor: â€Å"I’m blind you say; you mock at that! I say you see and still are blind – appallingly: Blind to your origins and to a union in your house.† (pg 23) Thus the idea of sight is critical in Oedipus the King. Though Tiresias is physically blind, he sees the truth from the beginning, while Oedipus, who has physical eyesight, is blind to his fate. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ Oh, look upon the city, see the storm that batters down this city’s prow in waves of blood† (pg 5) The priest is comparing the bad situation of Thebes to a storm that attacks at any moment and leaves behind severe damages. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ Now smiled upon by all, saluted now, now drawn aside by suitors to the King, my ear their door to hope† What Creon is comparing here, is his ears to the citizens’ door to hope, meaning that he has the kind of power that makes people hope to achieve something from their request that they submitted to Creon. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ You called me here, I never would have come† Tiresias is actually trying to let him understand that Oedipus is the one who is pushing himself to the truth even though it’s not favorable!!

Open Ended and Closed Ended Funds

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OPEN-ENDED AND CLOSED-ENDED FUND OPEN END FUND DEFINATION A type of mutual fund that does not have restrictions on the amount of shares the fund will issue. If demand is high enough, the fund will continue to issue shares no matter how many investors there are. Open-end funds also buy back shares when investors wish to sell. CLOSED END FUND DEFINATION A type of fund with a fixed number of shares outstanding, and one which does not redeem shares the way a typical mutual fund does.Closed-end funds behave more like stock than open-end funds: closed-end funds issue a fixed number of shares to the public in an initial public offering, after which time shares in the fund are bought and sold on a stock exchange, and they are not obligated to issue new shares or redeem outstanding shares as open-end funds are. The price of a share in a closed-end fund is determined entirely by market demand, so shares can either trade below their net asset value (â€Å"at a discount†) or above it (â€Å"at a premium†) also called closed-end investment company or publicly-traded fund.The main differences between these funds are; Open-ended funds buy and sell units on a continuous basis and hence allow investors to enter and exit as per their convenience. The units can be purchased and sold even after the initial offering (NFO) period (in case of new funds). Under closed-ended funds their unit capital is fixed and they sell a specific number of units. Unlike in open-ended funds, investors cannot buy the units of a closed-ended fund after its NFO period is over.This means that new investors cannot enter, nor can existing investors exit till the term of the scheme ends. However, to provide a platform for investors to exit before the term, the fund houses list their closed-ended schemes on a stock exchange. The units of an open-ended fund are bought and sold at the net asset value (NAV) CEFs do not have to deal with the expense of creating and redeeming sha res, they tend to keep less cash in their portfolio and they need not worry about market fluctuations to maintain their â€Å"performance record†.Closed end fund prices are determined by supply and demand and not by asset value. Therefore the market price might be greater than or less than the share NPV. The number of outstanding units of a closed-ended fund does not change as a result of trading on the stock exchange. Apart from listing on an exchange, these funds sometimes offer to buy back the units, thus offering another avenue for liquidity regulations ensure that closed-ended funds provide at least one of the two avenues to investors for entering or exiting.On the other hand the number of outstanding units in open-ended fund goes up or down every time the fund house sells or repurchases the existing units. This is the reason that the unit capital of an open-ended mutual fund keeps varying. The fund expands in size when the fund house sells more units than it repurchases as more money is flowing in. The closed-ended funds are free from the worry of regular and sudden redemption and their fund managers are not worried about the fund size. However, open-ended fund have outperformed the closed-ended funds comprehensively.In open-ended funds risk depends on the quality and the kind of portfolio you invest in. One unique risk to open funds is that they may be subject to inflows at one time or sudden redemptions, which leads to a spurt or a fall in the portfolio value, thus affecting your returns. Also, some funds invest in certain sectors or industries in which the value of the in the portfolio can fluctuate due to various market forces, thus affecting the returns of the fund. Investing in closed-end funds is more appropriate for seasoned investors.Depending on their investment objective and underlying portfolio, closed-ended funds can be fairly volatile, and their value can fluctuate drastically. Shares can trade at a hefty discount and deprive you fro m realizing the true value of your shares. Since there is no liquidity, investors must buy a fund with a strong portfolio, when units are trading at a good discount, and the stock market is in position to rise. Open ended funds do not have the flexibility to borrow against their assets thus they cannot use leverage as part of their investment strategy.Close end fund on the other hand have flexibility to borrow against their assets allowing them to use leverage as part of their investment strategy. Closed-end mutual funds continuously trade on the open stock market throughout the day. The prices of these funds are continually shifting to meet supply and demand. On the other hand, open-end mutual funds recalculate their share price once per day when the stock market closes and the value of its underlying stock assets are recalculated.Therefore, investors can buy and sell their shares based on the price of the open-ended mutual fund at the close of the previous business day, when the N AV was recalculated. Closed-ended fund shares can be traded at any time during market opening hours. On the other hand open-end fund can usually be traded only at a time of day specified by the managers, and the dealing price will usually not be known in advance. REFERENCES. Russell Ray. An introduction to Mutual Funds worldwide. 2007 Tripathy P. Mutual Funds : Emerg